IoT Security ⚡️ Mr-IoT
Hints for IoT Pentestesrs

Hints for IoT Pentestesrs


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Introduction

This comprehensive guide presents a detailed methodology for IoT penetration testing. It outlines tools, techniques, and phase-specific approaches, focusing on advanced practices to support both practical and thorough IoT security assessments.

A. Information Gathering

1. Collecting Device Information

  • Data Sheets: Gather specifications and hardware details to understand device internals.
  • Product Features: Document all functionalities to identify potential attack vectors.
  • Documentation: Collect installation guides and user manuals. Use Google Dorks to find hidden resources.
    • Example query: intitle:"<Device Name>" filetype:pdf

3. Checklist Creation

  • Device Features: Catalog all functionalities.
  • Exploit Availability: Record any known vulnerabilities.
  • Testing Strategy: Develop a tailored testing plan based on device specifics.

B. Key IoT Pentesting Areas

1. Network Assessment

  • Port Scanning and Service Enumeration:
    • Tools: Nmap, Masscan for scanning; Amass for subdomain discovery.
  • Network Connection Check:
    • Command: netstat -antp (requires shell access). -
  • Common Vulnerabilities:
    • Look for anonymous FTP access, weak SNMP settings.
  • Firmware Analysis for Network Services:
    • Use Binwalk and Firmwalker for firmware extraction and automated analysis.
  • Service Debugging:
    • Tools: Ghidra, IDA Pro for in-depth binary analysis; Radare2, Cutter for disassembly.

2. Embedded Applications

  • Injection and RCE:
    • Check for command injection and remote code execution risks. Use OpenVAS or Nessus for scans.
  • Web Application Flaws:
    • Focus on XSS, CSRF, and weak authentication schemes.
  • Authentication Testing:
    • Hydra or Medusa for brute-force; test direct parameter access.
  • API Testing:
    • Tools: Postman and Postman Collections.
  • Application Testing Tools:
    • Burp Suite (with plugins), ZAP Proxy, Wireshark for traffic inspection, Nikto for initial scans.

3. Mobile Applications (Android/iOS)

Android
  • APK Analysis:
    • Tools: dex2jar, JADX.
  • Data Exposure & Communication Security:
    • Detect unencrypted data channels.
  • Automated Mobile Testing:
    • MobSF for static/dynamic analysis; Frida for live manipulations.
  • Testing Environments:
    • Genymotion, Android Studio AVD; recommended: Android Tamer, Mobexler, IoT-PT.
iOS
  • Binary Analysis:
    • Tools: Radare2, Cutter, Frida.
  • iOS-Specific Tools:
    • Objection for runtime inspection, Class-dump for reverse-engineering.

C. Wireless Communication Analysis

Protocol Testing

  • WiFi: Test encryption levels with Aircrack-ng, Wireshark for packet capture.
  • ZigBee/Z-Wave: Use KillerBee for sniffing, URH (Universal Radio Hacker) for signal analysis.
  • Bluetooth:
    • Tools: hcxdumptool, Bettercap, BlueHydra, Bleah for Bluetooth and BLE.
  • LoRa: Signal capture with HackRF, tuning with SDRSharp.

D. Firmware Reversing

1. Hardcoded Credential Detection

  • Identify embedded credentials, private keys, and certificates.

2. Binary and Service Analysis

  • Tools:
    • Ghidra, Radare2, Binary Ninja for detailed binary examination.
    • Binwalk for extraction, Firmwalker for automated checks.

3. Configuration and File System Analysis

  • Explore symlinks and directory structures to understand service storage.
  • Firmware Mod Kit for customization and detailed configuration inspection.

4. Advanced Firmware Analysis Tools

4. Advanced Firmware Analysis Tools

  • EMBA: The firmware security analyzer.
  • Binwalk: A tool for extracting and analyzing firmware images.
  • Firmwalker: Basic analysis tool for firmware.
  • FACT (Firmware Analysis and Comparison Tool): Provides vulnerability detection and analytics.
  • QEMU: A versatile emulator for dynamic testing.
  • Qiling: A framework for dynamic analysis and emulation.
  • JTAGulator: A tool for pin identification and hardware debugging.

This guide is built for ongoing updates, allowing you to add tools, techniques, and insights as IoT security evolves. """

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